Projection printer



Sept. 16, 1941.

B. E. LUBOSHEZ PROJECTION PRINTER Filed Aug. 7, 1940 9 Sheets-Sheet lHIKI] BEN/AM/N flaws/1E2 INVENTOR BY WW ATTORNEY p 1941- a. E. LUBGSHEZ2,256,396

PROJECTION PRINTER Filed Aug; 7, 1940 9 Sheets-Sheet 2 fifxvJAM/wf.Laws/#52 I N V EN TOR BYW/M A TTORNE Y Sept 1941- B. E. LUBOSHEZ2,256,396

PROJECTION PRINTER Filed Aug. 7, 1940 9 Sheets-Sheet 3EE/YJAM/NZTLUBOSHEZ INVENTOR A TTORNE Y p 1941 B. E. LUBOSHEZ 12,256,396

PROJECTION PRINTER Filed Aug. '7, 1940 9 SheetsSheet 4 40 5E/YJAM/Nf.LUSOSHEZ INVENTOR aim/ 4 A TTORNE Y P 1941- B. E. LUBOSHEZ 2,256,396

PROJECTION PRINTER Filed Aug. 7, 1940 9 Sheets-Sheet 5 fif/YJAM/NE. Lwas/v52 IN V EN TOR ATTORNEY Se t. 16, 1941. B. E. LUBOSHEZ PROJECTIONPRINTER Filed Aug. '7, 1940 9 Sheets-Sheet 7 INVENTOR A TTORAE YBENJAM/NE L 0505/1 52 Sept. 16, 1941. B. E. LUBOSHEZ PROJECTION PRINTERFiled Aug. )7, 1940 9 Sheets-Sheet 8 OOOOOOO ooooooo BENJAM/N E Away/2INVENTOR ATTORNEYS P 1941- B. E. LUBOSHEZ 2,256,396

PROJECTION PRINTER Filed Aug. 7, 1940 9 Sheets-Sheet 9 x1 a T ORNE YPatenteci Sept. 16, 1941 PROJECTION PRINTER Benjamin E. Luboshez,Rochester, N. Y., assignor to Eastman Kodak Company, Rochester, N. Y., acorporation of New Jersey Application August 7, 1940, Serial No. 351,761

14 Claims.

This invention relatesto projection printers for. photographic purposes.

It relates generally to the same subject matter as my copendingapplications Serial Nos. 351,763 and 351,762 filed concurrentlyherewith, the latter jointly with Ralph M. Evans.

It is the general object of the invention to provide a projectionprinter for making prints, usually on paper, from transparencies.

It is a particular object of the invention to provide a projectionprinter for making color prints from color transparencies. The specificobjects of the invention are listed below.

1. It is an object of the invention to provide a projection printerwhich is convenient in op eration and particularly convenient as far asmanipulation of the original transparency is concerned.

2. It is an object of the invention to provide a printer for handlingsensitive paper in large rolls. That is, it is an object of theinvention to provide a printer for making prints of constant width evenwhen at different magnifications.

3. It is an object of the invention to provide an easy and quick methodof selecting the proper magnification to give a print of this constantwidth.

4. It is an object of the invention to provide a printer which will havethe above features and is capable of handling different shapedoriginals.

5. It is an object of the invention to provide means for length maskingof the original to be printed.

6. It is an object of the invention to provide length masking meanswhich change with magnification and which can be separately changed withthe shape of the original.

7. It is an object of the invention to provide a printer in which printscan be made on large rolls of paper and in which automatic means areprovided for advancing the paper between exposures.

8. It is an objec of the invention to provide a printer of this type inwhich prints of different shapes, i. el'different lengths can be madewithout waste of paper.

9. That is, it is an object of the invention to provide paper advancingmeans which will eliminate waste of paper.

10. It is an object of the invention to provide an arrangement of thistype in which the masking of the paper is entirely automatic and isoperated by the same controls which operate the masking of the original.

The invention will now be described with particular reference to makinga positive color print on paper from a positive color transparency.However, except for those features involving color, the invention isequally applicable to various processes such as the simple one wherein apositive paper print i made from'an ordinary negative.

According to the invention, the general and specific objects listedabove are accomplished by combining the following features in a printer.In order to permit easy manipulation of the original color transparencyor other photographic record, for selection of the portion to be printedand for masking, a horizontal, gate is provided for holding thistransparency and this gate isilluminated from below. When making printson relatively large rolls of paper, it is necessary to use a heavystrong roll holder. Focus; ing such a heavy roll holder ismostaccurately and easily obtained with horizontal movement thereof andhence a vertical printing gate is provided. To form an'image of therecord gate on the printing gate areflector and lens is used, the lensbeing preferably between the reflector and the. printing gate to permitthe reflector to be used for an additional purpose.

As the gates are moved relative to the lens for differentmagnifications, correct focus i maintained by suitable coupling meanstherebetween. According to the invention specifically described here,the width of the printing gate is fixed, and the record and printinggates are preferably but not necessarily horizontal and verticalrespectively as described above. In the preferable embodiment whereinthis printing gate is vertical, the width is usually the heightmerely'because the majority of pictures are taken with the long sidehorizontal and the observer prefers to inanipulate the original recordin the corresponding way. The prints being made lengthwise of the roll(the constant width feature being due to this fact) the rolls are alsovertical. To feed the paper through the printing gate, the supply andtake-up rolls are positioned at opposite ends'of the printing gate or insome equivalent position with guide rollers at the opposite .endsof thegate.

Lateral masks are provided for masking the width of the record gate andthese masks are coupled to the vertical movement of this gate so thatthe masks change automatically with the magnification, the width beinginversely propor tional to the magnification. Thus the width al wayscorresponds to the constant width of the printing gate. This systemprovides an extraordinarily easy and direct method of selecting themagnification to be used. The operator merely adjusts the level of therecord gate watching the width masks which are operated automaticallyuntil the portion masked is just that desired to be printed. At thismoment, the mag niflcation is just the right one to give the constantwidth print desired.

Incidentally, for this adjustment it is desirable to view the originaldirectly and hence the reflector which sends the light from the recordgate to the printing gate is permitted two positions in one of which itsends the light directly from the original to the eyes ofthe operator.

If all records were the same shape, the length masks could be guided inthe same way as the width masks and the length of the printing gatewould also be fixed. However, this is not the case and shapes differ allthe way from squares to relatively elongated rectangles. Meansindependent of thelevel of the record gate are provided for lengthmasking of both gates and these masks are coupled so that the lengths atthe two gates are always in the ratio of the magnification. Thus thearea masked at the record gate is the area printed on the photosensitivematerial in the printing gate. There is another factor which must beconsidered in this connection, namely the magnification varies and hencethe ratio between the lengths of the two gates must be similarly varied.Means are provided for varying the length masks of the record gatewithout varying those of the printing gate as the magnification ischanged and these changes are controlled in the same way and to the samedegree as the width masks. The other so-called in dependent means forvarying the length of the record gate is the only one coupled to thelength masks of the printing gate. Thus the two length masking effectsdesired are obtained effectively independently and do notinter'fere withone another. Actually the same mechanism causes both the variation inlength with magnification and the variation with magnification of therelation between the rates of change in the independent" system.

Because of the fact that the prints are to be made on rolls ofphotosensitive material and in order not to wastepaper while makingprints of different lengths the following form of length masking of theprinting gate is used. The magazine carrying the rolls is moved as awhole longi tudinally of the gate so that the edge of the gate next tothe take-up roll acts as the mask for one end of the image. Thelatentimage of the preceding print plus a suitable margin between printsis passed and masked off by this edge of the gate before the exposure ismade. By this system, no change in the amount of paper wound onto thetake-up roll. is necessary when the length masks are changed and themargin be-' tween prints is always the same. The other end of the gateis masked by a movable mask which moves in and out in the oppositedirection to the motionof the roll holder as a whole. With respect tothe roll holder this motion is at twice the speed of the roll holderrelative to the light beam. This maintains the exposed area of theprinting gate centered on the optic axis of the printing beam. Aftereach exposure the paper is advanced for controlling the advance so thatonly the exposed area plus a suitable margin is wound past the gate edgeto the take-up roll. This controlling means is operated by the printinggate length masking means, i. e. by the movement of the printing gateand roll holder, so that the control of the advance is automatic.

With this simple masking system, the operator may, from a convenientposition in front of the printer. make all the adjustments necessary forselecting the magnification and masking desired.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from thefollowing description when read in connection with the accompanyingdrawings in which:

Fig. 1 shows a front elevation of the printer.

Fig. 2 shows a-side elevation of the printer.

Fig. 3 shows a side elevation in cross section.

Fig. 4 shows a horizontal cross section of the viewing screen.

Fig. 5 is a geometrical diagram of the focusing system.

Fig. 6 is a perspective view of the optical system.

Fig. 7 is a front elevation of the record gate masking system.

Fig. 8 is a side elevation of this record gate masking system.

Fig. 9 is a side elevation of the printing gate masking system.

Fig. 10 is a rear elevation of the printing gate masking system. I

Fig; 11 is another side elevation, opposite to that of Fig. 9, of theprinting gate masking system.

Fig. 12 is an end view of the filter holding device.

Fig. 13 is a top view of the roll holder for the printing paper.

Fig. 14 is a front view of the viewing screen system.

Fig. 15 is a side view of the viewing screen system.

Fig. 16 is a perspective view of the paper advancing mechanism.

-Since Figs. 1 and 2 are outside views, the cooperation of the detailsis not apparent therein.

- Therefore, the following description will be made with reference tothe other figures, the optical systembeing shown best in Figs. 3 and 6.However, reference to the first two figures when reading the descriptionwill bring out one of'the main advantages of the invention, namely theabsolute convenience of all controls to the operator.

Figs. 3 and 6 will now be described together. The printer housingconsists mainly of two partsa camera 20 carried by a supporting housing20'. The camera 20 carried by wheels I36 (in grooves I35 see Fig. 14) ismovable horizontally on the supporting housing 20' and all y of thefeatures are carried'directly or indirectly by these two supports 20 and20'. Light from a lamp 22 travels in a substantially horizontal linethrough suitable condensers 23 and relay lenses 24 to a reflector 25whence it is reflected vertically upward through a field lens 26 to arecord gate 2| in which the original is mounted horizontally. From thatpoint the light continues upward to a reflector 21 which is positionablein either of two positions labeled 21 and 2'1.v

In the position 21', it reflects light through a lens 28 to a verticalprinting gate 29 through a window 59 in the camera 20, back of whichwindow 59 the sensitive paper is mounted. the other position of thereflector 21, the light is reflected horizontally in the oppositedirection through an eye-piece 33 to the eyes of the operator who maythen observe the record in the record gate 2| directly. The eye-piece 33is thus in a most convenient position above and near the record gate 2|.Stops 35 and 36 are provided for limiting the movement of the mirror 21to these two positions 21 and 21. The hinge 34 about which the mirror 21rotates is above the optic axis 46 as it travels through the lens 28.The mirror 21 is operated by a handle I25 (shown in Figs. 1 and 2)connected to the shaft of the hinge 34. Even if no other viewing meanswere present to cooperate with this one, the use of a hinged mirroralternatively to send light to the camera and to the observersimultaneously and in a very simple manner accomplishes an obviouslydesirable feature.

A removable mirror 30 is positioned in the path of the light from thelens 28 to the printing gate 29 so that it reflects light upward to aviewing screen 3| on which an image is formed. A

reflector 32 above the viewing screen 3| permits this image to be seenin the eye-piece 33.

In order to change the magnification of the print, the record gate 2|carried by a supporting member |28 is moved upward and the printing gate29 is moved horizontally. 'Correct focus is maintained by means of lever40 which rotates about a point M and has longitudinal slots 42 and 43therein in which studs 44 and 45 move. The stud 44 is carried by thesupporting member I28 and is constrained to move vertically in a slotI21 in the housing I26. This housing I26 for the condenser 26 is rigidlyattached to the housing 20'. The stud 45 is constrained to movehorizontally while the printing gate and all of the members associatedtherewith (i. e. camera 20) are carried by the wheels I36 moving ingrooves I35 as best seen in Fig. 14.

The geometry of this focusing system is best shown in Fig. 5. In thisfigure the vertical line of motion of the stud 44 is labeled 4! and thehorizontal line of motionof the stud 45 is labeled 48. These lines ofmotion intersect at a point 49. Actually of course, if the lever 40 hadan offset in it, the studs 44 and 45 might not have coplanar motion butin any case it would be equivalent thereto. The pivot 4| of the lever 40is positioned a distance equal to the focal length of the lens 28 fromeach of these lines of motion 41 and 48. Thus the points 4|, 49, 50, andform a square whose side equals f, the focal length of the lens 28. Theline 46 representing the lever 40 forms two triangles 44, 50, 4|, and4|, 5|, 45. It will be noted that by simple geometry these two trianglesare exactly similar and remain similar to one another as the line 40'rotates about the point 4|. Therefore azf equals fzb. That is a b equalsf Now going over from simple geometry to optics it is known that ifdistances a and b obey this rule, the distance a+f will always beconjugate to the distance b+f for a lens of focal length f. Thereforethe distance 44 -49 (i. e. from 44 to 49) would always be conjugate tothe distance 4945 with respect to the lens 28. This principle isincorporated into the present printer by making the distance from therecord gate 2|;tothe lens 28' along the optic axis,

46 equal to the distance 44--49 and the distance from the lens 28 to theprinting gate 29 equal to'the distance 4945. Actually the distances mustbe measured to the principal planes 52 of the lens 28 and that it whatis meant by measuring the distance to the lens 28. As-far as the opticalprinciples of the system are concerned the lens 28 may be either side ofthe reflector 21. To get the above relation of distances, the distance 0between the printing gate 2| and its stud 44 is made exactly equal tothe distance between the point 53 and the lens 28, where the point 53 isthe intersection of the optic axis 46 and a horizontal plane through thehorizontal line 48. Similarly the distance e between the lens 28 and aplane through the vertical line 41 is made equal to the distance dbetween the stud 45 and the printing plane 29. The planes through thelines of motion are of course the ones perpendicular to the plane of thedrawing; they are in each case orthogonal to the optic axis. Althoughthere is only one horizontal plane through the line 48 there are aninfinite number of vertical planes through the line 4! and hence theterm orthogonal is used to specify the planes in each case. It will benoted that the distances at and e are actually negative since they aremeasured back from the lens and from the printing gate respectively. Asthe record gate is moved vertically and the printing gate is movedhorizontally, the distance 2I53 changes, but the distance from 2| to thelens 28 always remains equal to the distance between the stud 44 and thepoint 49 and the corresponding correlation is maintained with respect tothe printing gate. a

The arrangement for masking the record gate is best illustrated in Figs.6, 7, and. '8. The width of the printing gate is made constant in thisprinter, which is, of course, the most economical method of using paperin rolls. Therefore, as the magnification is changed, it is necessary tomask the record gate (as far as the width is concerned) to a degreewhich is inversely proportional to the magnification. This width maskingis provided by masks 58 which are moved by screws 51 carried on ashaft'56. Vertical motion of the printing gate to change themagnification causes a pinion to move along a rack 54 which is heldrigidly by the printer housing 20. This pinion 55 is thus rotated androtates the shaft 56 and the screws 51 causing the mask 58 to move inand out as the printing gate is moved up and down.

The length masking of the record gate is more complicated by the factthat different shaped records are often to be printed. The lengthmasking operation may be divided into two parts, that which must followthe change in magnification in the same way that the width masking doesand that which is somewhat independent of the magnification and dependsmainly on the shape of the record being printed. Adjacent to the recordgate are provided two arms 60 which are pivoted at a point 6| which isrigidly fastened to the printer housing 20. These arms 60 carrylongitudinal grooves 62 therein in each of which moves two studs 63 and11. The studs 63 are carried by racks 64 which move with the recordgate. Thus as the record gate moves up, the stud 63 moves along thegroove 62 pulling the horizontal.

rack 64 with it. This motion of the rack 64 causes a pinion 65 to rotatewhich rotates its shaft 66 and another pinion 61 thereon, which .otherpinion moves .arack 68 horizontally .causthe record directly, i. e. whenthe rotatable refiector is in the position 21. The operator merely hasto raise or lower the horizontal record gate until the automatic maskingof the width of this gate is brought to the area desired at which timethe focus and magnification are exactly that to give a print of thefixed widthbeing made. That is, the operator merely selects the width ofthe record to be printed and the necessary magnification isautomatically assured.

When prints of different shape are used, the length masks have to bechanged independently of the width masks. For this purpose a crank 18rotates a shaft II and gears 12 which in turn rotate a shaft 14 havingscrew threads 15 thereon. These screw threads 15 cause nuts I8 to movehorizontally carrying the stud 11 referred to above. This horizontalmovement of the stud causes the arm 88 to rotate about the pivot 6|, thestud 11 moving a short distance along the groove 82. This movement ofthe arm 88 causes the other stud 83 to move carrying the rack 84 andmoving the length mask 88 in the same way as before. It will be notedthat the stud 11 moves only horizontally with respect to the printerwhereas the stud 83 moves vertically with changes in magnification. Thusthe correlation between the horizontal movement of the stud TI and themovement of the mask 88 is always modified by the magnification factor.When a high degree of magnification is being used, the record gate isvery high and thestuds 83 are high in the grooves 82 and close together.In this case a relatively large horizontal movement of the stud I1 isrequired to give a relatively small change in the length masking.

The shaft II which isrotated by the crankl8 has a square portion 13extending back toward the, printing gate. This square portion carries aset of bevel gears I8 which can move along the shaft 13 as themagnification is changed, but which in any position will be rotated byrotation of this. shaft 13. These gears 18 in turn rotate a shaft 18 andanother set of gears 88 which operate through a shaft 8| and screwthreads 82 to change the length masking of the,

printing gate. The length masking of the printing gate 28 as formed bythe plate 84 is best shown in Figs. 9, 10, and 11. In these figures theplate 84 has an aperture therein which in part constitutes the printinggate. Actually the top and bottom edges of the printing gate and henceits width is defined by the front plate of a roll holder 85 whichcarries the paper and is carried by the plate 84. In the arrangementshown the roll holder 85 can be used successively in three positions sothat three strips of pictures may be made. The edges of the printinggate between the three positions are defined by strips I42 extendingacross the aperture in the roll holder. One end of the printing gate 28is defined by the edge 88'of the aperture in the plate 84. As the lengthmasking crank 18 is rotated causing rotation of the screw thread 82, thewhole plate 84 carried by a nut operating on the screw 82 is movedhorizontally. The plate 84 is carried by a groove I28 and moved in thisgrooveonly a relatively small distance as is best seen in Fig. 13.

The other end of the printing gate is defined by a movable mask 81carried by the plate 84. As the plate 84 is moved by the screw 82 andnut 83, it carries with it a pivot 88. This pivot 88 acts as the commonpoint for two connected levers 9| which are pivoted at the points 88.

These points 88 are rigid with respect to a plate' |4| which in turn isrigid with respect to the camera housing 28 as far as any horizontalmotion is concerned. The other ends of the levers 8| carry pivots 88which are fastened to the mask 81. Suitable slots 82 are provided in thelevers 8| for longitudinal motion of the pivots 88 and 88. Slots 83 areprovided in the plate 84 to permit assembling of the pivots 88 and topermit movement of the plate 84 with respect to these pivots, especiallyin the case of the pivot which extends into this plate by reason of thefact that one of the levers 8| is on top of the other and is immediatelyadjacent to the plate 84. Slots 84 are provided in the plate 84 to per-.mit the pivots 88 to extend through from the mask 81 to the levers 8|which are on the opposite side of the plate, and to permit these pivots88 to move with respect to the plate 84. Holes 85 are provided in theplate |4| to permit assembly of the pivots 88 and 88. 7

As the plate 84 moves in one direction carrying theedge 88 with it, themask 81 moves in the opposite direction with the same speed with respectto the plate I and the printer housing 28. It will be noted that themovement of the mask8'l with respect to the plate 84 is at twice thespeed of the movement of the plate 84 with respect to the plate I. Thusthe light to the printing gate passes through the window 58 in thecamera housing 28, the top and. bottom of the gate are formed by theroll holder 85 with its cross strips I42 and the ends of the gate areformed in the adjacent plate 84 by edge 88 and mask 81.

Referring back to Fig. 3 particularly with referenceto Figs. 4, 14, and15, the viewing system will now be described.

The movable mirror 38 is carried by a housing 88 in the front of whichis a window to admit light from the lens'28. A lens 81 positioned inthis window reduces the size and increases the brilliance of the imageon the viewing screen 3| with respect to the image which, in the absenceof the reflector 38 reaches the printing gate 28. Around this image onthe viewing screen 3| are provided borders which are illuminated bywhite light by means of a lamp 88 positioned behind the mirror 38. Lightfrom this lamp 88 is reflected by an inverted four-sided pyramid mirror88 upward to the borders of the viewing screen 3L. It is of coursedesirable to prevent any light from this lamp 88 reaching the image onthe screen 8| and for this reason suitable baffles I88 are provided. Ifone were to remove the viewing screen 8| and to look down from thispoint, one would see an arrangement such as that shown in Fig. 4 whereinthe central area consists of the mirror 38 surrounded by sloping baffles|88 having a window in one side thereof which baffles are surrounded bythe mirror 88 and the viewing system housing 88. The lens 81 is shown'bybroken lines in this figure.- The arrangement is also very well shown inthe perspective view in Fig. 6.

While the operator is viewing this image on the viewing screen 3|, thewhite border there around makes it very easy for him' to detect anydiscrepancies in the color balance of the original which is in theprinting gate 2|. For example, an originalmay be slightly too green, butviewing it separately it .would. not show up this defect because the eyewould adapt itself, whereas the overall green appearance is exaggeratedby the presence of a pure white border and hence the operator is madedefinitely aware of even the slightest discrepancy. By means of variouscolor filters IOI in the optical system somewhere between the lamp 22and the removable mirror 30, preferably between the lamp 22 and therecord gate 2|, the overall hue of the record is changed until it hasthe correct color as compared to the white border 'of the viewing screen3|. As shown in Fig. 12, these filters are mounted on individual handlesI02 pivoted on a bar I03 which is supported by an arm I04 connected tothe printer housing 20'. The movement of these filters MI is controlledby individual flexible cables I05 connected to buttons I06 shown inFigs. 1 and 2.

For two reasons, namely for most convenient comparison of color and inorder to permit exposure of a fixed time it is also desirable to varythe density of the image striking the printing gate, and correspondinglythe density of the image on the viewing screen 3 I. For this purpose a,density wedge I0'I as best seen in Fig. 6'is positioned in the lightbeam and is operated by gears I08 through a rotatable flexible shaft I09which is connected to a dial or knob IIO shown in Fig. 1. Thus thefilters IOI and the density wedge I01 are used to correct for errors incolor balance in the original transparency and in the light source 22and for variations in intensity of the image striking the printing gate.

In a color printing system of this type there is another source'ofpossible error in color balonce which can be corrected for. I refer tothe {act that the sensitivity of the color sensitive paper on which theprint is to be made, may vary somewhat from the correct value. From atheoretical point of view there are two ways of considering this effect.Since the white borders on the viewing screen 3| are used to definewhatis the correct hue of the pictures which strike the printing gate,the color of the light from the lamp 98 must be that for which thesensitivity of the printing paper is balanced. To provide tor variationsof sensitivity balance, a filter II3 corresponding to the sensitivity ofthe particular til it appears correct with respect to this white,

may be made. At such a time, the image striking the viewing screen 3I(hence the image striking the printing gate 29 when the removable mirror30 is removed) will have the correct hue to give correct color balanceon the particular sensitive paper used. In order to insure that correctcolor balance can be easily obtained with the filters IIII even when thefilter I I3 is in place, a filter II4 identical in spectral transmissionto the filter H3 is positioned adjacent to the filters IOI. Of coursethis is necessary only if the filters III do not cover a sufliclentrange to provide the correct color hue when the filter I I3 is in place.

That is, the filters IOI are usually made to cover only the rangevariations in hue of transparencies and may notextend to a rangeincluding variations in color balance of the sensitive paper.

Looking at this subject from another point of view, the filter I I4which is selected to correspond to the sensitivity of the paper beingused is placed in the illuminating system at the time prints are beingmade. If this filter 4 can be easily removed during the judging, andreplaced while the exposure is being made on the printing gate 29, onlyone filter will be needed. However since the filter II4 has to stay inplace and is not changed during the whole of one roll of sensitivepaper, it is decidedly inconvenient to have to remove this filterbetween the exposures in order to prevent it interfering with thebalancing out of discrepancies in the color balance of the originaltransparency. Therefore, the filter H4 is placed permanently in placeand the filter H3 is placed in the illuminating system that gives thewhite borders on the viewing screen 3| whereby the effect of the filterII4 on the color balance of the original is balanced out. That is,either or both of the filters H3 and H4 are necessary, but both arepreferable since if II4 only is used, it must be removed from theoptical system during judging and if filter II3 only is used, thefilters IIII may not have sufiicient range to compensate for the eifectof the filter I I3.

A suitable shutter III is provided in the optical system and is arrangedso that it may be held open during masking and judging, held closedwhile the viewing system carried by the housing 95 is removed from theoptical system and operated once giving a fixecl'exposure. As shown inFig. 6, the shutter I II is provided with an adjustable sector to varythe amount of the exposure in the well-known way. The shutter III isoperated preferably electrically by a buttonl I2 shown in Fig. 1.

In Fig. 13, the paper holding means is illustrated from above. Aspointed out above the camera housing 20 carries a plate I4I which isconstrained to move in vertical grooves I43 to permit diiferent stripsof the roll of paper to be used. This plate I4I has a horizontal grooveI29 on which plate 84 carrying the printing gate moves under the actionof the screw 82 which forms part of the length masking system. Thisplate 84 carries the roll holder 85 in which are located the supply rollIll and the -take-up roll II8 carrying the sensitized paper II5. RollersH6 and H9 adjacent to the printing gate plane guide the paper throughthis plane. As far as the printing gate is concerned roller II6constitutes the supply roll and roller II9 constitutes the take-up roll.

.So that no paper will be wasted, the take-up mechanism is arranged sothat after each exposure thearea exposed plus a slight and fixed marginbetween prints is moved past the printing gate and onto the take-upsystem. Since according to the invention one side of the printing gateacts as the mask for one end of that gate, the amount of paper on thetake-up roll v does not have to be moved even though the length otherend. The so-called fixed end of the printing gate .is the one next tothe take-up roll. Means are provided for assuring that the amount of thepaper advanced after each exposure will be just exactly that necessaryto bring the exposed area plus a suitable margin past the gateindependent of the length of that exposed area.

This paper advancing system is best explained with reference to Fig. 16which illustrates the driving mechanism which forms part of the paperholding system 85. At this point, attention is drawn to the fact that inthe cross section shown in Fig. 3 only the rewind mechanism consolenoidsisting of motor I20, shaft I2I, and clutch system I22 for operating thesupply roll II? as a take-up rOll during rewinding is shown. The take-upsystem shown in Fig. 16 is similarly fixed below the rollers H8 and H9.Since the actual take-up roll II8 cannot conveniently be used forControlling the exact amountof paper taken up (the amount taken updepends on the diameter of'the roll and how much paper has already beenwound thereonto) the roller H9 is used as the driving roller and isaccurately controlled. The roller I I9 is driven by studsthereon-extending into the plate I66 and the take-up roll H8 is drivenby studs thereon extending into the plate I15. Normally the switch IE8is closed by a spring I69. Hence when the switch I61 is closed in orderto advance the paper, a solenoid I52 pulls the core I53 against theforce of a spring I80 causing a switch I to close and a lever arm I54 torotate pawls I55 upward.

'The closing of the switch I10 starts the motor I60 which, through thegears I59, shaft I58,

and worm gear I51 causes a gear I56 to rotate. V

The pawls I55 push this gear upward so that through a friction drive I6Ithe wheel I66 starts to rotate. On the'same shaft, there is mounted arotatable plate I62 which under the force of the friction drive, rotatescarrying an electrical contacting member I63 with it. When this rotationproceeds far enough, the contacting member I63 engages contacts I50mounted on a stud I48. Through wires I5I the closing of this contact I50causes a solenoid or relayIlI to operate and open the switch J68 whichturns off the I52 releasing the switch I10 and the pawls I55 stoppingfurther operation. 7

lhus the friction drive I6I is released and 7 under the action of aspring I64 the plate I62 Fig. 13 is mounted on the plate I which ishorizontally fixed with respect tothe camera housing 20. The pinion I46is-carried by the printing gate plate 84 and hence as this. gate 84' isadjusted for length masking, the .pinion I46, moves along the rack I45and at the same time turns the gear I41 adjusting thedposition.

of the contacting stop I48. Thus this driving system constitutes meansfor accurately advancing the paper by an amount equalto the exposed areaplus a suitable margin between prints. The actual take-up roll H8 isdriven by the same motor H6 through gears I12 and I13 and the rollengaging member I15. Since this must be agslip drive to compensate forchanges in diameter of the paper roll, a spring I14 is provided and thedriving is done through this spring.

For rewinding, it'is necessary to release the engagement between therollers H8 and H9 and the driving wheels I66 and I15 respectively. Thisis done by a solenoid I19 whose core I18 is moved against a spring I8Icausing the crank I11 to turn which in turn moves pawls I16 downwardreleasing the engagement between the driving wheels and the rolls asrequired.

rack are shown in Figs. 14 and 15. The viewing housing 96 carrying themirrors 30 and 32 and the baiiies I00 and lens 91 is positioned to movehorizontally on suitable guides and is driven by a I33 and pinion I32.This pinion I32 is driven by a chain drive I3I by a motor I30. As thehousing 96 moves completely out of the optical path an electric switchI34 is operated to shut off the motor 30 to prevent any further motion.As best shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 3 bellows 39 are provided to permitvertical motion of the record gate 2| and bellows 31 and 38permithorizontal movement of camera 20 relative to lens 28 and eye-piece33.

These Figs. 14 and 15 also illustrate the device for raising the plateMI in the grooves I43. For this purpose racks I40 are mounted on theplate MI and are driven by a motor I31 through suitable gears I38 andpinions I39.

These figures also illustrate the position of the focusing studs and thewheels I36 upon which the whole camera mechanism 20 is mounted to movein grooves I35 in the printer housing 20. This motion of camera '20relative to the support 20 requires that some provision be made for thewire carrying current to the motors I20 and I60 etc. The'wires (notshown) are held in the housing 20. and fed out over a roller I24 mountedon the rear thereof and back to the motors in the camera 20.

The method by which the'above device satisfies each of the specificobjects of the invention will now be outlined. The record gate 2I ishorizontal and is very convenient for manipulation when the operator isviewing through the eyepiece 33. The weight of the camera system 88 withthe roll holder 85 does not affect the tocusing since the focusingrequires only a horizontal movement of this heavy unit on a horizontaltrack. There is no waste of paper laterally of the roll becausethe'prints are of constant width. This' is true whether a single stripor three strips of pictures are made'on each roll. The selection of thecorrect magnification depends merely on the selection of the correctwidth of the mask ofgthe original record. Changes in the length maskingof the original are coupled to the magnification system so that therelative rate of changes in the length masking of the printing andrecord gates is always proportional to the magnification and the maskingof the record gate separately changes with the magnification even whenthe shape of the original to be printed is the same. The paper advancingmeans permits the use of paper in 'rolls'and the control means on therate in which The mechanical details of the viewing system this paper isadvanced eliminates any waste of paper.

Since optically the magnification by any lens is inversely proportionalto the distance of the object plane from nearer focal point of thelens,the-position of the pivotal point6I must be optically equivalent to thefront focal point'of'the lens 28. -Thus when therecord gate H is a, distance equal to 1 below the pivot 6|, the magnification must be one toone. If the record gate 2i could be moved right up to the pivot 6| themagnification would have to be infinite since this is the front focalpoint of the lens. That is,

Having thus described my invention, I wish to point out that it is notlimited to the specific structure shown, but is of the scope of theappended claims. 7

What I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United Statesis:

1. A projection printer for making prints of one width from transparentphotographic records of difierent widths comprising a horizontal gatefor holding a record, means for illuminating the record from below, avertical gate of constant width for holding photosensitive material uponwhich prints are to be made, a reflector and a lens above the recordgate for focusing an image of the record in the vertical gate, means formoving both gates relative to the lens and reflector for varying themagnification, lever means coupling the two gates for automaticallymaintaining focus as the gates are moved, width masking means on therecord gate, and means operated by the movement of this gate foradjusting said width masking means and maintaining it at a width equalto said constant width divided by the magnification.

2. A projection printer according to claim 1 comprising length maskingmeans on the record gate adjustable independently of the verticalmovement of this gate, length masking means on the vertical gate andmeans coupling these two length masking means to maintain the maskedlengths in a ratio equal to the magnification.

3, A projection printer according to claim 1 comprising a vertical rollholder for sensitive material adjacent to said vertical gate, means formoving the roll holder and vertical gate horizontally and transverse tothe light from the lens and reflector for masking the image lengthwisefrom one end, an adjustable mask mounted at the other end of the gateand means operated by the gate movement for moving this adjustable maskin the opposite direction to the movement of the gate and at twice thespeed thereof relative thereto whereby both ends of the image aresimultaneously and equally masked, length masking means on the recordgate adjustable independently of the vertical movement of this gate, andmeans coupling this length masking means to said roll holder movingmeans to maintain the ratio of the masked length of the image to themasked length of the record equal to the magnification of the image.

4. A projection printer according to claim 1 comprising length maskingmeans on the record gate, means operated by the movement of this gatefor adjusting said length masking means in accordance with themagnification, means in.-,

dependent of said movement also for adjusting said length masking means,length masking means on the vertical gate and means coupling thevertical gate masking means to said independent adjusting means formaintaining the masked'lengths of the image and record in a ratio equalto the magnification whereby as the I magnification is altered, theimage length masking means remains fixed, the record length maskingmeans varying inversely with the magnification and as the record lengthmasking means is varied independently of the magnification, the imagelength masking means varies similarly.

5. A projection printer for making prints from transparent photographicrecords comprising a record holding gate, a constant width gate forholding photosensitive material upon which aprint is to be made, lensmeans for focusing an image of the record gate on the print gate, meansfor moving the gates relative to the lens to give differentmagnification, means coupling the gates for automatically maintainingcorrect focus as the magnification is changed, width masking means forthe record gate and means operated by the movement of this gate foradjusting the masking linearly inversely proportional to change inmagnification whereby correct magnification may be obtained by varyingit until the width of the record is correct. I

6. A projection printer for making prints from transparent photographicrecords comprising a record holding gate, a gate for holdingphotosensitive material upon which a print is to be made, lens means forfocusing an image of the record gate on the print gate, a roll holderadjacent to the print gate for feeding photosensitive material past thegate lengthwise of the image, a supply roll and a take-up roll in theroll holder at opposite ends of the gate, means for moving the printgate and the roll holder lengthwise of the image whereby the masking bythe print gate of the end of the image adjacent to thetake-up roll isadjusted, an adjustable mask mounted on the other end of the print gateand operated by the moving of the print gate in the opposite directionand at twice the speed of this latter moving whereby the masking of theend of the image adjacent to the supply roll is simultaneously andsimilarly adjusted, means for advancing photosensitive material from thesupply roll to the take-up roll between the making of successive printsand means operated by the moving of the print gate for limiting saidadvancing to the length of the print just previously made plus a marginbetween prints.

7. A projection printer according to claim 1 comprising length maskingmeans on the record gate, means operated by the movement of this gatefor adjusting said lengthmasking means in accordance with themagnification, means independent of said movement for adjusting saidlength masking'means, a roll holder adjacent to said vertical gate forfeeding photosensitive material past the gate lengthwise of the image, asupply roll and a take-up roll in the roll holder effectively atopposite ends of the gate, means for moving this vertical gate and rollholder length- 7 wise of the image whereby the masking by the pendentadjusting means for maintaining the masked lengths of theimage and therecord in a ratio equal to the magnification whereby as themagnification is altered, the image length masking means remains fixed,the record length masking means varying inversely with the magnificationand-as the record'length masking means is varied independently of themagnification, the image length masking means varies similarly. meansfor advancing photosensitive material from the supply roll to thetake-up roll between the making 0f successive prints and means operatedby the moving of the print gate for limiting said advancing'to thelength of the print just previously made plus a margin between prints.

8. A projection printer for making prints from transparent photographicrecords comprising a record holding gate, a constant width gate forholding photosensitive material upon which a print is to be made, lensmeans for focusing an image of the record gate in the print gate, ahousing for the gates and lens, means carried by the housing for movingthe record gate and means carried by the housing for moving the printgate both relative to the lens for. changing the magnification, widthmasking means on the record gate operated by the motion of this gaterelative to the housing for masking this gate linearly inverselyproportional to the magnification, length masking means on the printgate, length masks masks as the pins so move, means including an otherpin in each slotted arm for adjusting the angle between the arms andmeans operatively coupling this angle adjusting means to said means forsimultaneously adjusting the length maskin means.

11. A projection printer according to claim 9 in which is included aroll holder carried by the on the record gate, means for adjusting therec- 0rd length masks in accordance with the magnification and inaccordance with the print gate length masking means, said adjustingmeans consisting of two longitudinally slotted arms pivoted in common atone end of each to the housing adjacent to the record gate said armsbeing at an angle to one another and in a plane lengthwise of the recordgate substantially at right angles to the plane of this gate, a pair ofpins carried by the gate and in the slots in said arms whereby the pinsmove toward oraway from each other as the record gate is movedtoward oraway from the .common pivot, means-coupling said pins to said recordlength masks for moving the latter as the pins are moved, a second pairof pins in said slots and adjustable relative to one another for varyingthe angle between said arms and means coupling this second pair of pinsto the print gate length masking means for simultaneously adjustingboth, whereby as the print gate length masks are adjusted, the recordgate length masks are proportionally adjusted, the proportionalityfactor being varied as the record gate is moved relative to the housing.

9. A projection printer for making prints from transparent photographicrecords comprising a record holding gate, a constant width gate forholding photosensitive material upon which a print is to be made, lensmeans for focusing an image of the record gate on the print gate, asupport for the lens, means carried by the support for axially movingthe gates relative to the lens to give different magnifications, meanscoupling the gates for automatically maintaining correct focus as themagnification is changed, width masking means on the record gate, meansoperated by the movement of this gate for adjusting the width maskinglinearly inversely proportional to the magnification, length maskingmeans on the record gate and on the print gate, means for simultaneouslyand proportionally adjusting these length masking means and meansoperated by the movement of the gates for maintaining theproportionality factor in this length adjustment equal to themagnification. v

10. A projection printer according to claim 9 in which the means foradjusting the length masks on the record gate includes twolongitudinally slotted arms pivoted in common at one end of each to thesupport adjacent to the record gate said arms being at an angle to oneanother and in a plane lengthwise of and perpendicular to the recordgate, a pin in each slotted arm which pins move in the slots toward andaway from each other as the record gate is moved for changingmagnification, means operated by the pins. for proportionally adjustingthe length print gate, having an aperture adjacent to the print gate, asupply roll and a take-up roll in the roll holder for holding thephotosensitive material, means for feeding the photosensitive materialfrom the supply roll to the take-up roll through the Print gate, meansfor moving the roll holder transversely to the optic axis of the lightfrom the lens, the end of said aperture adjacent to the take-up rollacting as one of the length masks of the print gate and a mask carriedby the roll holder at the other end of said aperture. said lengthmasking means for the print gate consisting of the means fortransversely moving the roll holder and means for simultaneously movingthe mask in the opposite direction at the same speed relative to thesupport.

12. A projection printer according to claim 8 in which the common pivotfor said two slotted arms is in the planev orthogonal to the optic axisof the lens at the focal point thereof nearersaid recordgate.

13. A projection printer according to claim 9 in which the means foradjusting the length masks on the record gate includes twolongitudinally slotted arms pivoted in common at one end. the pivotbeing in the plane orthogonal to the optic axis of the lens at the focalpoint thereof nearer the record gate, said arms being at equal angles toa plane through the optic axis and said pivot, pins carried by therecord gate and moving in the slots insaid arms as the record gate ismoved axially and means operated by the motion of the pins toward andaway from each other for adjusting said length masks.

14. A projection printer for making prints from transparent photographicrecords comprising a record holding gate, a constant width gate forholding photosensitive material upon which a print is to be made, lensmeans for focusing an image of the record gate on the print gate. asupport for the lens, means carried by the support for; axially movingvthe gates relative to the lens. to give different magnification, meanscoupling the agtes for automatically maintaining correct focus as themagnification is changed, width and length masking means on the recordgate, at least one of said masking means consisting of transverselymovable masks, two pins carried by the record gate movable toward andaway from one another and operatively connected to the masks-foradjusting them linearly in accordance with this motion toward and awayfrom one another, longitudinally slotted arms each engaging one of thepins, said arms being CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION. Patent No. 2,256,596.Septanber l6, 19in.

BENJAMIN E. LUBOSHEZ.

It is hereby certified that error appears in the printed specificationof the above numbered patent requiring correction as follows: Page 5,first column, line 70, for "it" read is-; page 7, second column, line10, claim 5, after "width" insert --masking; page 8, second column, line52, claim lh for "agtes" read -gates--; and that the said Letters Patentshould beread with this correction therein that the same may conform tothe record of the case in the Patent Office.

Signed and sealed this 2nd day. of December, A. D. 19l|.l.

Henry Van Arsdale, (Seal) Acting Commissioner of Patents.

CERTIFICATE OF coRREcTIoN. Patent No. 2,256,596. I September 16, 19in.

BENJAMIN E. LUBOSHEZ.

It is hereby certified that error appears in the 'printed specificationof the above numbered patent requiring correction asfollows: Page 5,first column, line 70, for "it" read -is-; page 7, second column, line10, claim 5, after "width" insert masking-; page 8, second column, line52, claim lLy.,for "agtes" read -gates-; and that the said LettersPatent should be read with this correction therein that the same mayconform to the record of the case in the Patent Office.

Signed and sealed this 2nd day. of December, A. D. 1914.1.

Henry Van Arsdale (Seal) Acting Commissioner of Patents.

